Search-IMAP Cmdlet

Parameters   Output Objects   Config Settings  

The Search-IMAP component is used to search electronic mail from Internet Message Access (IMAP) servers.

Syntax

Search-IMAP [parameters]

Remarks

This cmdlet implements a standard Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) client as specified in RFC 1730 and RFC 2060 for retrieving email and listing mail folders (mailboxes).

To use the cmdlet to retrieve email, you must specify a mail Server, User, and Password. Specify the Folder for the mailbox you wish to connect to. The email message (or range of messages) to download is given by View.

Retrieved email messages will be returned in one or more EmailMessages. Brief information (Id, From, Subject, and size) about each retrieved email will be returned in one or more MessageHeaderss.

You may also list all of your mailboxes by setting the ListFolders switch. Folders will be returned in one or more MailBoxObjects.

To use SSL-enabled (RFC 2595) IMAP, set the SSL switch.

This cmdlet handles retrieving emails and listing email folders. To send an email, see the SEND-EMAIL cmdlet. To delete a message or manage IMAP mail folders, use the SET-IMAP cmdlet.

The cmdlets support pipeline input for some of their parameters. Prebuilding an object and piping it to the cmdlet is very useful, but should be used with caution to prevent security conflicts. Steps have been taken to decrease the risk of a possibly accidental pipe to the cmdlet, for instance, the Credential parameter cannot be piped to the cmdlet and must be specified manually.

# search the inbox for messages not seen search-imap -server mailserver -credential $cred -folder inbox -search 'ALL NOT SEEN'

Connection Handling

This cmdlet supports persistent connections through the Connection parameter. To establish a new IMAP connection, use the Connect-IMAP cmdlet. To close the connection, use the Disconnect-IMAP cmdlet.

Parameter List


The following is the full list of the parameters of the cmdlet with short descriptions. Click on the links for further details.

ConnectionAn already established connection.
LogFileThe location of a file to which debug information is written.
AuthMechanismThe authentication mechanism to be used when connecting to the mail server.
CertPasswordThe password to the certificate store.
CertStoreThe name of the certificate store for the client certificate.
CertStoreTypeThe type of certificate store for the client certificate.
CertSubjectThe subject of the certificate used for client authentication.
ConfigSpecifies one or more configuration settings.
CredentialThe PSCredential object to use for user/password authentication.
FirewallHostName or IP address of firewall.
FirewallPasswordA password if authentication is to be used when connecting through the firewall.
FirewallPortThe port of the firewall to which to connect.
FirewallTypeDetermines the type of firewall to connect through.
FirewallUserA user name if authentication is to be used connecting through a firewall.
FolderThe IMAP folder to which to connect.
ForceForces the component to accept the default behavior instead of querying the user.
LocalIPThe IP address of the local interface to use.
LogFileThe location of a file to which debug information is written.
PasswordThe password to use for authentication.
PortThe TCP port in the remote host to which to connect.
SearchThe string to search for in the IMAP server.
ServerThe address of the Server.
SSLDetermines how the component starts SSL negotiation.
SSLAcceptThe encoded public key of the certificate which is to be trusted explicitly.
TimeoutThe maximum time allowed for the operation.
UserThe username to use for authentication.

Output Objects


The following is the full list of the output objects returned by the cmdlet with short descriptions. Click on the links for further details.

Config Settings


The following is a list of config settings for the cmdlet with short descriptions. Click on the links for further details.

MessageCountNumber of messages in the mailbox.
AlwaysReturnUIDsInstructs the server to return UIDs even if not in UIDMode.
AppendToMailboxDateTimeSpecifies the date-time parameter used in the initial APPEND request.
AuthorizationIdentityThe value to use as the authorization identity when SASL authentication is used.
AutoDecodeSubjectInstructs the component to automatically decode message subjects.
AutoDecodeTextWhether to decode MessageText when AutoDecodeParts is True.
FetchAfterSearchDetermines if messages matching the SearchCriteria are fetched after calling SearchMailbox.
FetchTextAndHeadersSpecifies whether the message body and headers are fetched in a single request.
IncludeHeadersInstructs the component to include the headers in the LocalFile.
MaskSensitiveWhether sensitive properties should be masked when logging.
SendIDCommandInstructs component to send the ID command if the server advertises support for it.
UTF7MailboxNamesSpecifies whether or not to automatically encode and decode UTF-7 mailbox names.
ConnectionTimeoutSets a separate timeout value for establishing a connection.
FirewallAutoDetectTells the component whether or not to automatically detect and use firewall system settings, if available.
FirewallHostName or IP address of firewall (optional).
FirewallPasswordPassword to be used if authentication is to be used when connecting through the firewall.
FirewallPortThe TCP port for the FirewallHost;.
FirewallTypeDetermines the type of firewall to connect through.
FirewallUserA user name if authentication is to be used connecting through a firewall.
KeepAliveIntervalThe retry interval, in milliseconds, to be used when a TCP keep-alive packet is sent and no response is received.
KeepAliveTimeThe inactivity time in milliseconds before a TCP keep-alive packet is sent.
LingerWhen set to True, connections are terminated gracefully.
LingerTimeTime in seconds to have the connection linger.
LocalHostThe name of the local host through which connections are initiated or accepted.
LocalPortThe port in the local host where the component binds.
MaxLineLengthThe maximum amount of data to accumulate when no EOL is found.
MaxTransferRateThe transfer rate limit in bytes per second.
ProxyExceptionsListA semicolon separated list of hosts and IPs to bypass when using a proxy.
TCPKeepAliveDetermines whether or not the keep alive socket option is enabled.
TcpNoDelayWhether or not to delay when sending packets.
UseIPv6Whether to use IPv6.
AbsoluteTimeoutDetermines whether timeouts are inactivity timeouts or absolute timeouts.
FirewallDataUsed to send extra data to the firewall.
InBufferSizeThe size in bytes of the incoming queue of the socket.
OutBufferSizeThe size in bytes of the outgoing queue of the socket.
BuildInfoInformation about the product's build.
CodePageThe system code page used for Unicode to Multibyte translations.
LicenseInfoInformation about the current license.
MaskSensitiveWhether sensitive data is masked in log messages.
UseInternalSecurityAPITells the component whether or not to use the system security libraries or an internal implementation.

LogFile Parameter (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The location of a file to which debug information is written.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -LogFile string

Remarks

When specified, the cmdlet will log debug information to the file. If the file exists, the information will be appended.

Default Value

null

Connection Parameter (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

An existing IMAP connection.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Connection IMAPConnection

Remarks

Represents an existing, persistent IMAP connection to be used. After this cmdlet executes, the connection will remain opened to be used in an another call. New connections can be established using the Connect-IMAP cmdlet and closed using the Disconnect-IMAP cmdlet.

Default Value

null

AuthMechanism Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The authentication mechanism to be used when connecting to the mail server.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -AuthMechanism string

Remarks

The applicable values are the following:

UserPassword (default)Default plaintext authentication is used to login to the server.
CRAMMD5The more secure CRAM-MD5 authentication is used instead.
NTLMNTLM authentication will be used.
SASLPlainAuthMechanism can be set to SASLPlain (4) as well. Note, however, that servers will often require SSL or some other encrypted session protection be used when this authentication mechanism is requested.
KerberosKerberos authentication will be used. NOTE: This functionality is only available in Windows.

Default Value

0

CertPassword Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The password to the certificate store.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -CertPassword string

Remarks

Specifies a password (if required) to access the specified certificate store.

Default Value

""

Parameter Alias

CertificatePassword

CertStore Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The name of the certificate store for the client certificate.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -CertStore string

Remarks

The CertStoreType parameter specifies the type of the certificate store specified by CertStore. If the store is password protected, specify the password in CertPassword.

CertStore is used in conjunction with the CertSubject parameter in order to specify client certificates. If CertStore has a value, and CertSubject has been set, a search for a certificate is initiated during logon. Please refer to the CertSubject parameter for details.

Designations of certificate stores are platform-dependent.

The following are designations of the most common User and Machine certificate stores in Windows:

MYA certificate store holding personal certificates with their associated private keys.
CACertifying authority certificates.
ROOTRoot certificates.
SPCSoftware publisher certificates.

When the certificate store type is PFXFile, this parameter must be set to the name of the file.

Default Value

"MY"

Parameter Alias

CertificateStore

CertStoreType Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The type of certificate store for the client certificate.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -CertStoreType string

Remarks

This parameter can take one of the following values:

User (default)This specifies that the certificate store is owned by the current user (these are the user's registry certificate stores such as MY, CA, etc.).
MachineThe certificate store is a machine store.
PFXFileThe certificate store is the name of a PFX (PKCS12) file containing certificates.
PFXBlobThe certificate store is a string (base64 encoded) representing a certificate store in PFX (PKCS12) format. You should use this option if storing a pfx file's content in a shell variable.
PEMKeyFileThe certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PEM encoded certificate and private key.
PEMKeyBlobThe certificate store is a string that contains a PEM encoded certificate and private key.
P7BFileThe certificate store is the name of a file that contains P7B encoded certificates.
SSHPublicKeyFileThe certificate store is the name of a file that contains an SSH-style public key.
PPKFileThe certificate store is the name of a file that contains a PPK (PuTTY Private Key).
PPKBlobThe certificate store is a string (binary) that contains a PPK (PuTTY Private Key).

Default Value

0

CertSubject Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The subject of the certificate used for client authentication.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -CertSubject string

Remarks

During the user authentication phase of the logon process, the cmdlet will search the store specified in CertStore for a certificate that matches this parameter. If the store contains a private key for that certificate, it is used to verify the user's identity with the secure server.

When this parameter is set, a search is performed in the current certificate store certificate with matching subject.

If an exact match is not found, the store is searched for subjects containing the value of the parameter.

When setting the parameter to a partial subject, CN= should be omitted. For example, the following code would find the certificate with subject CN=Test Certificate, OU=People, C=US

Example (Searching with partial subject)

-certsubject "Test"

If a match is not found, the parameter is set to an empty string, and no certificate is selected.

The special value "*" picks a random certificate in the certificate store.

Default Value

"*"

Config Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

Specifies one or more configuration settings.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Config string[]

Remarks

The Config parameter takes one or more name-value pairs that represent the name of the configuration setting and value, i.e.: -config "Name=Value"

Default Value

null

Credential Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The PSCredential object to use for user/password authentication.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Credential PSCredential

Remarks

Every cmdlet that supports user authentication will expose a Credential parameter. A PSCredential object should be specified for this parameter. Alternatively, the User and Password parameters can be set to represent the credential information.

If the cmdlet supports client key authentication it uses the password field of this object for the certificate's password. This setting is enabled by using public key authentication. Note: Due to security reasons, it is recommended that you use the Credential parameter rather than User and Password to specify the authentication information.

Default Value

null

Parameter Position

1

Parameter Alias

auth

FirewallHost Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

Name or IP address of firewall.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -FirewallHost string

Remarks

If a FirewallHost is given, requested connections will be authenticated through the specified firewall when connecting.

If the FirewallHost parameter is set to a Domain Name, a DNS request is initiated. Upon successful termination of the request, the FirewallHost parameter is set to the corresponding address. If the search is not successful, an error is returned.

Default Value

""

FirewallPassword Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

A password if authentication is to be used when connecting through the firewall.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -FirewallPassword string

Remarks

If FirewallHost is specified, the FirewallUser and FirewallPassword properties are used to authenticate against the firewall.

Default Value

""

FirewallPort Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The port of the firewall to which to connect.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -FirewallPort int

Remarks

The TCP port for the FirewallHost. See the description of the FirewallHost parameter for details.

Note that the FirewallPort is set automatically when FirewallType is set to a valid value. See the description of the FirewallType parameter for details. Setting this parameter will overwrite the default settings for the firewall port as specified by FirewallType.

Default Value

0

FirewallType Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

Determines the type of firewall to connect through.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -FirewallType string

Remarks

The applicable values are the following:

None No firewall (default setting).
TunnelConnect through a tunneling proxy. FirewallPort is set to 80.
SOCKS4Connect through a SOCKS4 Proxy. FirewallPort is set to 1080.
SOCKS5Connect through a SOCKS5 Proxy. FirewallPort is set to 1080.

Default Value

0

FirewallUser Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

A user name if authentication is to be used connecting through a firewall.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -FirewallUser string

Remarks

If FirewallHost is specified, the FirewallUser and FirewallPassword properties are used to authenticate against the firewall.

Default Value

""

Folder Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The IMAP folder to which to connect.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Folder string

Remarks

Name of the mailbox selected on the IMAP Server.

Default Value

""

Parameter Alias

Mailbox

Force Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

Forces the component to accept the default behavior instead of querying the user.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Force SwitchParameter

Remarks

The Force parameter is especially useful in a script environment where user interaction is not an option. Certain cmdlets that are SSH and SSL based will query the user if the security credentials of the certificate presented by the server are not met. Setting this parameter will force the cmdlet to accept the certificate of the server unconditionally.

Default Value

false

LocalIP Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The IP address of the local interface to use.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -LocalIP string

Remarks

This parameter is useful when the cmdlet is running on a machine that has more than one network interface (each with its own IP address and network access privileges).

Default Value

""

Parameter Alias

LocalAddress

LogFile Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The location of a file to which debug information is written.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -LogFile string

Remarks

When specified, the cmdlet will log debug information to the file. If the file exists, the information will be appended.

Default Value

""

Password Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The password to use for authentication.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Password string

Remarks

Every time User, or Password are set, the cmdlet will authenticate with the server. It is recommended that the Credential parameter is set instead of User/Password because of security reasons. If both Credential and this parameter is set, the Credential value is used.

Default Value

""

Port Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The TCP port in the remote host to which to connect.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Port int

Remarks

Port specifies a service port on the remote host to which to connect.

A valid port number (a value between 1 and 65535) is required for the connection to take place.

Default Value

143

Search Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The string to search for in the IMAP server.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Search string

Remarks

Only IMAP messages containing the specified search string will be returned.

The exact format of the filter criteria is specified by the IMAP RFCs. The string consists of one or more search keys and their corresponding values (if any) separated by spaces, for example: "SINCE 1-Feb-1994 NOT FROM Smith".

Possible search keys include:

<message set>Messages with message sequence numbers corresponding to the specified message sequence number set
ALLAll messages in the mailbox - this is the default initial key for AND-ing.
ANSWEREDMessages with the \Answered flag set.
BCC <string>Messages that contain the specified string in the envelope structure's BCC field.
BEFORE <date>Messages whose internal date is earlier than the specified date.
BODY <string> Messages that contain the specified string in the body of the message.
CC <string> Messages that contain the specified string in the envelope structure's CC field.
DELETED Messages with the \Deleted flag set.
DRAFT Messages with the \Draft flag set.
FLAGGED Messages with the \Flagged flag set.
FROM <string> Messages that contain the specified string in the envelope structure's FROM field.
HEADER <field-name> <string> Messages that have a header with the specified field-name (as defined in [RFC-822]) and that contains the specified string in the [RFC-822] field-body.
KEYWORD <flag> Messages with the specified keyword set.
LARGER <n> Messages with an RFC822.SIZE larger than the specified number of octets.
NEW Messages that have the \Recent flag set but not the \Seen flag. This is functionally equivalent to "(RECENT UNSEEN)".
NOT <search-key> Messages that do not match the specified search key.
OLD Messages that do not have the \Recent flag set. This is functionally equivalent to "NOT RECENT" (as opposed to "NOT NEW").
ON <date> Messages whose internal date is within the specified date.
OR <search-key1> <search-key2> Messages that match either search key.
RECENT Messages that have the \Recent flag set.
SEEN Messages that have the \Seen flag set.
SENTBEFORE <date> Messages whose [RFC-822] Date: header is earlier than the specified date.
SENTON <date> Messages whose [RFC-822] Date: header is within the specified date.
SENTSINCE <date> Messages whose [RFC-822] Date: header is within or later than the specified date.
SINCE <date> Messages whose internal date is within or later than the specified date.
SMALLER <n> Messages with an RFC822.SIZE smaller than the specified number of octets.
SUBJECT <string> Messages that contain the specified string in the envelope structure's SUBJECT field.
TEXT <string> Messages that contain the specified string in the header or body of the message.
TO <string> Messages that contain the specified string in the envelope structure's TO field.
UID <message set> Messages with unique identifiers corresponding to the specified unique identifier set.
UNANSWERED Messages that do not have the \Answered flag set.
UNDELETED Messages that do not have the \Deleted flag set.
UNDRAFT Messages that do not have the \Draft flag set.
UNFLAGGED Messages that do not have the \Flagged flag set.
UNKEYWORD <flag> Messages that do not have the specified keyword set.
UNSEEN Messages that do not have the \Seen flag set.

Default Value

""

Server Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The address of the Server.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Server string

Remarks

The cmdlet requires a server address to be provided. Either an IP address or the server host name can be provided.

Default Value

""

Parameter Position

0

This is a required parameter.

SSL Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

Determines how the component starts SSL negotiation.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -SSL string

Remarks

SSL may have one of the following values:

none (default)No SSL negotiation, no SSL security. All communication will be in plaintext mode.
automaticIf the Port is set to the standard plaintext port of the protocol (where applicable), the cmdlet will behave the same as if SSL is set to explicit. In all other cases, SSL negotiation will be implicit.
implicitThe SSL negotiation will start immediately after the connection is established.
explicitThe cmdlet will first connect in plaintext, and then explicitly start SSL negotiation through a protocol command such as STARTTLS.

Default Value

3

SSLAccept Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The encoded public key of the certificate which is to be trusted explicitly.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -SSLAccept string

Remarks

Ordinarily, the certificate presented by the server will be checked against the system certificate stores to see if the Certificate Authority is trusted, and if not, the cmdlet will prompt the user to accept the certificate. Setting this parameter will override the system settings and trust the certificate provided.

After each connection, regardless of whether or not the certificate was trusted, the cmdlet will store the certificate presented by the server in the $SSLServerCertificate session variable. This variable can be inspected to view details of the server's certificate.

If the Force parameter is set, the cmdlet will accept the server's certificate unconditionally.

In cases where the certificate presented by the server is not trusted, a prompt will be shown to the user. This prompt will allow the user to decide whether or not they would like to accept the certificate presented by the server.

There may be cases where you do not want a prompt to be displayed or would like to handle the response supplied directly within your script. This can be done by setting the $SSLAcceptPreference variable prior to running the cmdlet. The available values for this variable are:

None (default)Maintains the default behavior. If the certificate is not trusted by default, the user will be prompted.
AcceptAccepts the certificate without prompting the user, even if it is not trusted by default.
RejectRejects the certificate without prompting the user only if it is not trusted by default. Thus if the certificate is found to be trusted or the Force parameter is set, the connection will still be accepted.

Default Value

""

Parameter Alias

Accept

Timeout Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The maximum time allowed for the operation.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -Timeout int

Remarks

After the specified interval in seconds, the cmdlet will throw a Timeout error if the operation is not completed.

Default Value

10

User Property (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The username to use for authentication.

Syntax

Search-IMAP -User string

Remarks

Every time User and Password are set, the cmdlet will authenticate with the server. It is recommended that the Credential parameter is set instead of User/Password because of security reasons. If both Credential and this parameter is set, the Credential value is used.

Default Value

""

Config Settings (Search-IMAP Cmdlet)

The cmdlet accepts one or more of the following configuration settings. Configuration settings are similar in functionality to properties, but they are rarely used. In order to avoid "polluting" the property namespace of the cmdlet, access to these internal properties is provided through the Config method.

GetIMAP Config Settings

MessageCount:   Number of messages in the mailbox.

MessageCount contains the number of messages in the mailbox.

IMAP Config Settings

AlwaysReturnUIDs:   Instructs the server to return UIDs even if not in UIDMode.

If UIDMode is set to False, the MessageSet contains session message Ids, and the response from the server also will contain session message Ids. In some cases, it is desirable that the server sends back UIDs. Set the AlwaysReturnUIDs to True, to instruct the server to do so.

The default value for this setting is False.

AppendToMailboxDateTime:   Specifies the date-time parameter used in the initial APPEND request.

When appending to a mailbox using the AppendToMailbox method, the IMAP RFC specifies a date-time parameter that can be used to set the internal date of the resulting message. This configuration setting can be used to specify the date-time parameter used in this case.

The date-time should be formatted according to the IMAP RFC specifications. For example, "22-Jan-2013 12:34:56 -0500" indicates January 22nd, 2013, at 12:34:56 PM EST.

By default, if this setting is not specified, no date-time is sent with the APPEND request, and the server will use the current time.

AuthorizationIdentity:   The value to use as the authorization identity when SASL authentication is used.

When AuthMechanism is set to amSASLPlain, amSASLDigestMD5, or amXOAUTH2, you may use this setting to specify an authorization identity to be used when authenticating. In the case of amXOAUTH2, this should be your OAUTH authorization string. For instance:

Bearer ya29.AHES6ZRmS-8xPbpGetC1VbABJIBRdKm-c4X7wMVGAbgxdGt5q8Ts3Q

Note: When using amXOAUTH2, User must be specified, but Password is not required.

AutoDecodeSubject:   Instructs the cmdlet to automatically decode message subjects.

Subjects that have been Quoted-Printable or Base64 encoded are automatically decoded when this configuration setting is True (default). Only subjects in the format "=?iso-8859-1?Q?data?=" will be correctly decoded.

AutoDecodeText:   Whether to decode MessageText when AutoDecodeParts is True.

When AutoDecodeParts is True, this setting controls whether MessageText is also decoded. When AutoDecodeText is True (default), MessageText is decoded. When set to False, MessageText is not decoded. This setting is applicable only when AutoDecodeParts is set to True.

FetchAfterSearch:   Determines if messages matching the SearchCriteria are fetched after calling SearchMailbox.

If set to False, FetchMessageInfo will not be called for messages matching the SearchCriteria after calling SearchMailbox. MessageInfo will still fire, but the MessageId parameter will be the only parameter populated. The default value of this setting is True.

FetchTextAndHeaders:   Specifies whether the message body and headers are fetched in a single request.

This setting specifies whether the FetchMessageText method fetches both the message headers and text, or just the message text. By default this value is false, and FetchMessageText will fetch only the message text from the server. When set to true, the cmdlet will fetch both the message text and headers in a single request from the server and populate both MessageHeadersString and MessageText.

IncludeHeaders:   Instructs the cmdlet to include the headers in the LocalFile.

When set to True, the headers for the message you are fetching will be written to the LocalFile before the message body. In this manner, the whole content of a MIME-encoded message will be written to the file.

MaskSensitive:   Whether sensitive properties should be masked when logging.

By default, the PITrail event will include the raw commands sent to the IMAP server, including sensitive values like passwords. To prevent passwords from appearing in plaintext when logging, set this option to True. The default value is True.

SendIDCommand:   Instructs cmdlet to send the ID command if the server advertises support for it.

This configuration setting specifies whether the cmdlet will use the IMAP4 Id extension defined in RFC 2971 and send the Id command to the server. When set to true, the cmdlet will send the Id command with the value IPWorksIMAP if the server supports this as defined in the server's response to the CAPABILITY command.

The default value is false, and this command will not be sent.

UTF7MailboxNames:   Specifies whether or not to automatically encode and decode UTF-7 mailbox names.

IMAP servers may represent some characters in a mailbox name in UTF-7 format. This setting determines whether or not the cmdlet should automatically encode and decode these values. When set to False, no encoding or decoding will be performed by the cmdlet. The default value is True.

TCPClient Config Settings

ConnectionTimeout:   Sets a separate timeout value for establishing a connection.

When set, this configuration setting allows you to specify a different timeout value for establishing a connection. Otherwise, the cmdlet will use Timeout for establishing a connection and transmitting/receiving data.

FirewallAutoDetect:   Tells the cmdlet whether or not to automatically detect and use firewall system settings, if available.

This configuration setting is provided for use by cmdlets that do not directly expose Firewall properties.

FirewallHost:   Name or IP address of firewall (optional).

If a FirewallHost is given, requested connections will be authenticated through the specified firewall when connecting.

If the FirewallHost setting is set to a Domain Name, a DNS request is initiated. Upon successful termination of the request, the FirewallHost setting is set to the corresponding address. If the search is not successful, an error is returned.

Note: This setting is provided for use by cmdlets that do not directly expose Firewall properties.

FirewallPassword:   Password to be used if authentication is to be used when connecting through the firewall.

If FirewallHost is specified, the FirewallUser and FirewallPassword settings are used to connect and authenticate to the given firewall. If the authentication fails, the cmdlet throws an exception.

Note: This setting is provided for use by cmdlets that do not directly expose Firewall properties.

FirewallPort:   The TCP port for the FirewallHost;.

The FirewallPort is set automatically when FirewallType is set to a valid value.

Note: This configuration setting is provided for use by cmdlets that do not directly expose Firewall properties.

FirewallType:   Determines the type of firewall to connect through.

The appropriate values are as follows:

0No firewall (default setting).
1Connect through a tunneling proxy. FirewallPort is set to 80.
2Connect through a SOCKS4 Proxy. FirewallPort is set to 1080.
3Connect through a SOCKS5 Proxy. FirewallPort is set to 1080.
10Connect through a SOCKS4A Proxy. FirewallPort is set to 1080.

Note: This setting is provided for use by cmdlets that do not directly expose Firewall properties.

FirewallUser:   A user name if authentication is to be used connecting through a firewall.

If the FirewallHost is specified, the FirewallUser and FirewallPassword settings are used to connect and authenticate to the Firewall. If the authentication fails, the cmdlet throws an exception.

Note: This setting is provided for use by cmdlets that do not directly expose Firewall properties.

KeepAliveInterval:   The retry interval, in milliseconds, to be used when a TCP keep-alive packet is sent and no response is received.

When set, TCPKeepAlive will automatically be set to True. A TCP keep-alive packet will be sent after a period of inactivity as defined by KeepAliveTime. If no acknowledgment is received from the remote host, the keep-alive packet will be sent again. This configuration setting specifies the interval at which the successive keep-alive packets are sent in milliseconds. This system default if this value is not specified here is 1 second.

Note: This value is not applicable in macOS.

KeepAliveTime:   The inactivity time in milliseconds before a TCP keep-alive packet is sent.

When set, TCPKeepAlive will automatically be set to True. By default, the operating system will determine the time a connection is idle before a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) keep-alive packet is sent. This system default if this value is not specified here is 2 hours. In many cases, a shorter interval is more useful. Set this value to the desired interval in milliseconds.

Linger:   When set to True, connections are terminated gracefully.

This property controls how a connection is closed. The default is True.

In the case that Linger is True (default), two scenarios determine how long the connection will linger. In the first, if LingerTime is 0 (default), the system will attempt to send pending data for a connection until the default IP timeout expires.

In the second scenario, if LingerTime is a positive value, the system will attempt to send pending data until the specified LingerTime is reached. If this attempt fails, then the system will reset the connection.

The default behavior (which is also the default mode for stream sockets) might result in a long delay in closing the connection. Although the cmdlet returns control immediately, the system could hold system resources until all pending data are sent (even after your application closes).

Setting this property to False forces an immediate disconnection. If you know that the other side has received all the data you sent (e.g., by a client acknowledgment), setting this property to False might be the appropriate course of action.

LingerTime:   Time in seconds to have the connection linger.

LingerTime is the time, in seconds, the socket connection will linger. This value is 0 by default, which means it will use the default IP timeout.

LocalHost:   The name of the local host through which connections are initiated or accepted.

The LocalHost setting contains the name of the local host as obtained by the gethostname() system call, or if the user has assigned an IP address, the value of that address.

In multi-homed hosts (machines with more than one IP interface) setting LocalHost to the value of an interface will make the cmdlet initiate connections (or accept in the case of server cmdlets) only through that interface.

If the cmdlet is connected, the LocalHost setting shows the IP address of the interface through which the connection is made in internet dotted format (aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd). In most cases, this is the address of the local host, except for multi-homed hosts (machines with more than one IP interface).

LocalPort:   The port in the local host where the cmdlet binds.

This must be set before a connection is attempted. It instructs the cmdlet to bind to a specific port (or communication endpoint) in the local machine.

Setting this to 0 (default) enables the system to choose a port at random. The chosen port will be shown by LocalPort after the connection is established.

LocalPort cannot be changed once a connection is made. Any attempt to set this when a connection is active will generate an error.

This; setting is useful when trying to connect to services that require a trusted port in the client side. An example is the remote shell (rsh) service in UNIX systems.

MaxLineLength:   The maximum amount of data to accumulate when no EOL is found.

MaxLineLength is the size of an internal buffer, which holds received data while waiting for an EOL string.

If an EOL string is found in the input stream before MaxLineLength bytes are received, the DataIn event is fired with the EOL parameter set to True, and the buffer is reset.

If no EOL is found, and MaxLineLength bytes are accumulated in the buffer, the DataIn event is fired with the EOL parameter set to False, and the buffer is reset.

The minimum value for MaxLineLength is 256 bytes. The default value is 2048 bytes.

MaxTransferRate:   The transfer rate limit in bytes per second.

This configuration setting can be used to throttle outbound TCP traffic. Set this to the number of bytes to be sent per second. By default, this is not set and there is no limit.

ProxyExceptionsList:   A semicolon separated list of hosts and IPs to bypass when using a proxy.

This configuration setting optionally specifies a semicolon-separated list of hostnames or IP addresses to bypass when a proxy is in use. When requests are made to hosts specified in this property, the proxy will not be used. For instance:

www.google.com;www.nsoftware.com

TCPKeepAlive:   Determines whether or not the keep alive socket option is enabled.

If set to True, the socket's keep-alive option is enabled and keep-alive packets will be sent periodically to maintain the connection. Set KeepAliveTime and KeepAliveInterval to configure the timing of the keep-alive packets.

Note: This value is not applicable in Java.

TcpNoDelay:   Whether or not to delay when sending packets.

When true, the socket will send all data that is ready to send at once. When false, the socket will send smaller buffered packets of data at small intervals. This is known as the Nagle algorithm.

By default, this config is set to false.

UseIPv6:   Whether to use IPv6.

When set to 0 (default), the cmdlet will use IPv4 exclusively. When set to 1, the cmdlet will use IPv6 exclusively. To instruct the cmdlet to prefer IPv6 addresses, but use IPv4 if IPv6 is not supported on the system, this setting should be set to 2. The default value is 0. Possible values are:

0 IPv4 Only
1 IPv6 Only
2 IPv6 with IPv4 fallback

Socket Config Settings

AbsoluteTimeout:   Determines whether timeouts are inactivity timeouts or absolute timeouts.

If AbsoluteTimeout is set to True, any method which does not complete within Timeout seconds will be aborted. By default, AbsoluteTimeout is False, and the timeout is an inactivity timeout.

Note: This option is not valid for UDP ports.

FirewallData:   Used to send extra data to the firewall.

When the firewall is a tunneling proxy, use this property to send custom (additional) headers to the firewall (e.g. headers for custom authentication schemes).

InBufferSize:   The size in bytes of the incoming queue of the socket.

This is the size of an internal queue in the TCP/IP stack. You can increase or decrease its size depending on the amount of data that you will be receiving. Increasing the value of the InBufferSize setting can provide significant improvements in performance in some cases.

Some TCP/IP implementations do not support variable buffer sizes. If that is the case, when the cmdlet is activated the InBufferSize reverts to its defined size. The same happens if you attempt to make it too large or too small.

OutBufferSize:   The size in bytes of the outgoing queue of the socket.

This is the size of an internal queue in the TCP/IP stack. You can increase or decrease its size depending on the amount of data that you will be sending. Increasing the value of the OutBufferSize setting can provide significant improvements in performance in some cases.

Some TCP/IP implementations do not support variable buffer sizes. If that is the case, when the cmdlet is activated the OutBufferSize reverts to its defined size. The same happens if you attempt to make it too large or too small.

Base Config Settings

BuildInfo:   Information about the product's build.

When queried, this setting will return a string containing information about the product's build.

CodePage:   The system code page used for Unicode to Multibyte translations.

The default code page is Unicode UTF-8 (65001).

The following is a list of valid code page identifiers:

IdentifierName
037IBM EBCDIC - U.S./Canada
437OEM - United States
500IBM EBCDIC - International
708Arabic - ASMO 708
709Arabic - ASMO 449+, BCON V4
710Arabic - Transparent Arabic
720Arabic - Transparent ASMO
737OEM - Greek (formerly 437G)
775OEM - Baltic
850OEM - Multilingual Latin I
852OEM - Latin II
855OEM - Cyrillic (primarily Russian)
857OEM - Turkish
858OEM - Multilingual Latin I + Euro symbol
860OEM - Portuguese
861OEM - Icelandic
862OEM - Hebrew
863OEM - Canadian-French
864OEM - Arabic
865OEM - Nordic
866OEM - Russian
869OEM - Modern Greek
870IBM EBCDIC - Multilingual/ROECE (Latin-2)
874ANSI/OEM - Thai (same as 28605, ISO 8859-15)
875IBM EBCDIC - Modern Greek
932ANSI/OEM - Japanese, Shift-JIS
936ANSI/OEM - Simplified Chinese (PRC, Singapore)
949ANSI/OEM - Korean (Unified Hangul Code)
950ANSI/OEM - Traditional Chinese (Taiwan; Hong Kong SAR, PRC)
1026IBM EBCDIC - Turkish (Latin-5)
1047IBM EBCDIC - Latin 1/Open System
1140IBM EBCDIC - U.S./Canada (037 + Euro symbol)
1141IBM EBCDIC - Germany (20273 + Euro symbol)
1142IBM EBCDIC - Denmark/Norway (20277 + Euro symbol)
1143IBM EBCDIC - Finland/Sweden (20278 + Euro symbol)
1144IBM EBCDIC - Italy (20280 + Euro symbol)
1145IBM EBCDIC - Latin America/Spain (20284 + Euro symbol)
1146IBM EBCDIC - United Kingdom (20285 + Euro symbol)
1147IBM EBCDIC - France (20297 + Euro symbol)
1148IBM EBCDIC - International (500 + Euro symbol)
1149IBM EBCDIC - Icelandic (20871 + Euro symbol)
1200Unicode UCS-2 Little-Endian (BMP of ISO 10646)
1201Unicode UCS-2 Big-Endian
1250ANSI - Central European
1251ANSI - Cyrillic
1252ANSI - Latin I
1253ANSI - Greek
1254ANSI - Turkish
1255ANSI - Hebrew
1256ANSI - Arabic
1257ANSI - Baltic
1258ANSI/OEM - Vietnamese
1361Korean (Johab)
10000MAC - Roman
10001MAC - Japanese
10002MAC - Traditional Chinese (Big5)
10003MAC - Korean
10004MAC - Arabic
10005MAC - Hebrew
10006MAC - Greek I
10007MAC - Cyrillic
10008MAC - Simplified Chinese (GB 2312)
10010MAC - Romania
10017MAC - Ukraine
10021MAC - Thai
10029MAC - Latin II
10079MAC - Icelandic
10081MAC - Turkish
10082MAC - Croatia
12000Unicode UCS-4 Little-Endian
12001Unicode UCS-4 Big-Endian
20000CNS - Taiwan
20001TCA - Taiwan
20002Eten - Taiwan
20003IBM5550 - Taiwan
20004TeleText - Taiwan
20005Wang - Taiwan
20105IA5 IRV International Alphabet No. 5 (7-bit)
20106IA5 German (7-bit)
20107IA5 Swedish (7-bit)
20108IA5 Norwegian (7-bit)
20127US-ASCII (7-bit)
20261T.61
20269ISO 6937 Non-Spacing Accent
20273IBM EBCDIC - Germany
20277IBM EBCDIC - Denmark/Norway
20278IBM EBCDIC - Finland/Sweden
20280IBM EBCDIC - Italy
20284IBM EBCDIC - Latin America/Spain
20285IBM EBCDIC - United Kingdom
20290IBM EBCDIC - Japanese Katakana Extended
20297IBM EBCDIC - France
20420IBM EBCDIC - Arabic
20423IBM EBCDIC - Greek
20424IBM EBCDIC - Hebrew
20833IBM EBCDIC - Korean Extended
20838IBM EBCDIC - Thai
20866Russian - KOI8-R
20871IBM EBCDIC - Icelandic
20880IBM EBCDIC - Cyrillic (Russian)
20905IBM EBCDIC - Turkish
20924IBM EBCDIC - Latin-1/Open System (1047 + Euro symbol)
20932JIS X 0208-1990 & 0121-1990
20936Simplified Chinese (GB2312)
21025IBM EBCDIC - Cyrillic (Serbian, Bulgarian)
21027Extended Alpha Lowercase
21866Ukrainian (KOI8-U)
28591ISO 8859-1 Latin I
28592ISO 8859-2 Central Europe
28593ISO 8859-3 Latin 3
28594ISO 8859-4 Baltic
28595ISO 8859-5 Cyrillic
28596ISO 8859-6 Arabic
28597ISO 8859-7 Greek
28598ISO 8859-8 Hebrew
28599ISO 8859-9 Latin 5
28605ISO 8859-15 Latin 9
29001Europa 3
38598ISO 8859-8 Hebrew
50220ISO 2022 Japanese with no halfwidth Katakana
50221ISO 2022 Japanese with halfwidth Katakana
50222ISO 2022 Japanese JIS X 0201-1989
50225ISO 2022 Korean
50227ISO 2022 Simplified Chinese
50229ISO 2022 Traditional Chinese
50930Japanese (Katakana) Extended
50931US/Canada and Japanese
50933Korean Extended and Korean
50935Simplified Chinese Extended and Simplified Chinese
50936Simplified Chinese
50937US/Canada and Traditional Chinese
50939Japanese (Latin) Extended and Japanese
51932EUC - Japanese
51936EUC - Simplified Chinese
51949EUC - Korean
51950EUC - Traditional Chinese
52936HZ-GB2312 Simplified Chinese
54936Windows XP: GB18030 Simplified Chinese (4 Byte)
57002ISCII Devanagari
57003ISCII Bengali
57004ISCII Tamil
57005ISCII Telugu
57006ISCII Assamese
57007ISCII Oriya
57008ISCII Kannada
57009ISCII Malayalam
57010ISCII Gujarati
57011ISCII Punjabi
65000Unicode UTF-7
65001Unicode UTF-8
The following is a list of valid code page identifiers for Mac OS only:
IdentifierName
1ASCII
2NEXTSTEP
3JapaneseEUC
4UTF8
5ISOLatin1
6Symbol
7NonLossyASCII
8ShiftJIS
9ISOLatin2
10Unicode
11WindowsCP1251
12WindowsCP1252
13WindowsCP1253
14WindowsCP1254
15WindowsCP1250
21ISO2022JP
30MacOSRoman
10UTF16String
0x90000100UTF16BigEndian
0x94000100UTF16LittleEndian
0x8c000100UTF32String
0x98000100UTF32BigEndian
0x9c000100UTF32LittleEndian
65536Proprietary

LicenseInfo:   Information about the current license.

When queried, this setting will return a string containing information about the license this instance of a cmdlet is using. It will return the following information:

  • Product: The product the license is for.
  • Product Key: The key the license was generated from.
  • License Source: Where the license was found (e.g., RuntimeLicense, License File).
  • License Type: The type of license installed (e.g., Royalty Free, Single Server).
  • Last Valid Build: The last valid build number for which the license will work.
MaskSensitive:   Whether sensitive data is masked in log messages.

In certain circumstances it may be beneficial to mask sensitive data, like passwords, in log messages. Set this to true to mask sensitive data. The default is true.

This setting only works on these cmdlets: AS3Receiver, AS3Sender, Atom, Client(3DS), FTP, FTPServer, IMAP, OFTPClient, SSHClient, SCP, Server(3DS), Sexec, SFTP, SFTPServer, SSHServer, TCPClient, TCPServer.

UseInternalSecurityAPI:   Tells the cmdlet whether or not to use the system security libraries or an internal implementation.

When set to false, the cmdlet will use the system security libraries by default to perform cryptographic functions where applicable. In this case, calls to unmanaged code will be made. In certain environments this is not desirable. To use a completely managed security implementation set this setting to true.

Setting this setting to true tells the cmdlet to use the internal implementation instead of using the system security libraries.

On Windows, this setting is set to false by default. On Linux/macOS, this setting is set to true by default.

If using the .NET Standard Library, this setting will be true on all platforms. The .NET Standard library does not support using the system security libraries.

Note: This setting is static. The value set is applicable to all cmdlets used in the application.

When this value is set the product's system DLL is no longer required as a reference, as all unmanaged code is stored in that file.